- Spinal Fusion treatment guide
Spinal fusion joins selected vertebrae so that a painful or unstable motion segment can heal as one bone, usually with screws, rods and a bone graft or cage. The surgeon prepares the disc space or posterior elements, places instrumentation and graft, and decompresses nerves if that work is part of the same sitting.
- ACDF (Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion) treatment guide
ACDF removes a worn or herniated cervical disc from the front, decompresses the cord or root, and fuses the segment with a graft or cage and usually a plate. Through a short anterior neck incision the disc is removed, the cord or root is decompressed, and a graft or cage with a plate is placed.
- Discectomy treatment guide
Discectomy removes the herniated disc fragment that is compressing a nerve root so that leg or arm pain from that root may ease, without fusing the segment. Through a posterior lumbar window the surgeon retracts the root, removes the offending fragment and inspects the canal. Fusion is not part of this product unless written.
- Microdiscectomy treatment guide
Microdiscectomy uses a microscope or high magnification through a smaller window to remove the lumbar fragment that is pinching a nerve root. A small posterior incision and a microscope allow the surgeon to retract the root and remove the fragment while preserving as much stable disc as possible.
- Laminectomy treatment guide
Laminectomy removes part or all of the lamina to widen the spinal canal when stenosis is squeezing the nerves, without automatically fusing the segment. Through a posterior exposure the surgeon removes lamina and flavum enough to free the thecal sac and roots, taking care of the pars if fusion is not planned.
- Disc Replacement treatment guide
Disc replacement substitutes a worn cervical — or, less often, lumbar — disc with a motion-preserving implant when the facet joints and alignment still allow arthroplasty instead of fusion. The disc is removed from the front, the endplates are prepared, and the prosthesis is seated to restore height while allowing motion.
- Spinal Deformity Correction treatment guide
Spinal deformity correction addresses kyphosis, sagittal imbalance or a complex curve that is not only a typical scoliotic bend, often with osteotomies, long instrumentation and fusion. The surgeon places anchors, performs the planned osteotomy, corrects alignment under neuromonitoring, and grafts a long fusion.
- Vertebroplasty treatment guide
Vertebroplasty injects bone cement into a selected vertebral compression fracture to reduce pain when the fracture pattern and MRI timing make cement, rather than a balloon, the planned tool. Under image guidance needles enter the vertebral body and cement is injected. The patient is observed for cement leak and neurology.
- Kyphoplasty treatment guide
Kyphoplasty uses a balloon to create a cavity in a compressed vertebra, then fills that cavity with cement, when height restoration is part of the planned fracture treatment. Needles enter the body, balloons are inflated to create a cavity, and cement is placed. Neurology is checked after the procedure.
- Spinal Tumor Surgery treatment guide
Spinal tumor surgery decompresses or removes a tumour affecting the vertebra, canal or cord — metastatic or selected primary — when oncology and stability already sit on the same plan. The corridor follows the tumour. Decompression, biopsy, cement, screws or a cage reconstruction are combined only as the board planned.
- Revision Spine Surgery treatment guide
Revision spine surgery re-operates on a previously treated segment to address failed fusion, loose or broken implants, recurrent compression, infection or adjacent-segment problems. Scarred corridors are reopened, implants are removed or extended, and the new construct matches the failure mode. Scope ranges from a single screw to a long deformity revision.