- Total Knee Replacement treatment guide
Total knee replacement resurfaces the worn femoral, tibial and usually patellar joint surfaces with a prosthesis when arthritis or another destructive process has exhausted reliable joint-preserving care. The surgeon prepares the distal femur and proximal tibia, balances the soft tissues and seats the components; the patella may be resurfaced according to wear and tracking.
- Robotic Knee Replacement treatment guide
Robotic knee replacement is still a knee arthroplasty: a planning scan or registration and a robotic arm or cutting guide are used to execute a surgeon-planned bone preparation. It is a technique applied to replacement, not a different disease. The surgeon remains responsible for indication, soft-tissue balance and implant choice; the robot constrains bone cuts to a plan. This article does not claim tighter cuts produce a better result.
- Partial Knee Replacement treatment guide
Partial knee replacement resurfaces only the worn compartment — most often the medial side — while leaving intact ligaments and the remaining cartilage in place when those structures are still honest. Through a more limited exposure than a total replacement, the surgeon prepares only the affected femoral and tibial — or patellofemoral — surfaces and balances that compartment.
- Revision Knee Replacement treatment guide
Revision knee replacement removes and replaces a failed knee implant — in one or more stages — to treat loosening, infection, instability, wear, stiffness or periprosthetic fracture. The surgeon removes failed components, manages bone loss and infection, and rebuilds stability with revision implants. Scope can range from an isolated liner exchange to a hinge, which is not one product.
- Total Hip Replacement treatment guide
Total hip replacement replaces the femoral head and the acetabular socket with a prosthesis to treat a destroyed hip when joint-preserving care is no longer a durable option. The femoral head is removed, the socket is prepared for a cup, and a stem is seated in the femur. Bearing couple and head size are chosen for stability and wear, not from a brochure upgrade list.
- Revision Hip Replacement treatment guide
Revision hip replacement exchanges a failed femoral stem, acetabular cup or both to treat loosening, infection, instability, wear, osteolysis or periprosthetic fracture. Failed parts are removed, bone loss is classified, and revision cups, cages, stems or proximal femoral replacements are used as anatomy demands. This is not a longer version of a primary hip.
- Hip Resurfacing treatment guide
Hip resurfacing caps the femoral head and replaces the acetabular socket, preserving the femoral neck and canal, when bone quality and anatomy make a conventional stem less appropriate. The femoral head is shaped for a cap and the socket is reamed for a monoblock or modular cup, preserving the neck. Neck notching and cup inclination are technical concerns specific to this operation.
- Shoulder Replacement treatment guide
Shoulder replacement substitutes the destroyed glenohumeral joint with an anatomic or reverse prosthesis, chosen after the rotator cuff, glenoid bone and fracture pattern are understood. Through a deltopectoral or other chosen interval, the humeral head is prepared for a stem or stemless implant and the glenoid is prepared for an anatomic or reverse baseplate as planned.
- ACL Reconstruction (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) treatment guide
ACL reconstruction replaces a torn anterior cruciate ligament with a graft to restore rotational stability of the knee when the native ligament cannot be repaired or has already failed non-operative care. Tunnels are placed arthroscopically, the chosen graft is harvested or thawed, and it is fixed with screws, buttons or a hybrid construct. Repair of an avulsion in a child is a different specialty product.
- PCL Reconstruction (Posterior Cruciate Ligament) treatment guide
PCL reconstruction replaces a torn posterior cruciate ligament with a graft to control posterior tibial sag when the injury is complete, combined or still unstable after protected rehabilitation. Arthroscopic or open tunnels are placed to avoid the so-called killer turn as the team prefers, and the graft is tensioned in a way that does not over-constrain the knee. Avulsion repair with screws is a different trauma product.
- Meniscus Repair treatment guide
Meniscus repair sutures a tear that still has healing potential, aiming to keep the shock-absorbing cartilage rather than remove it, when tissue quality and tear pattern can hold a stitch. Through arthroscopy the surgeon inspects the tear, prepares the rim and places sutures or anchors. Weight-bearing and flexion limits follow the repair type, not a generic arthroscopy brochure.
- Rotator Cuff Repair treatment guide
Rotator cuff repair reattaches torn tendons of the shoulder to bone so that lifting the arm can again be powered by those tendons, when MRI and examination still show repairable tissue. The tendon edge is prepared, bone is prepared at the footprint, and anchors secure the tendon. Biceps or acromial work may be added only if planned in the letter.
- Arthroscopic Surgery treatment guide
Arthroscopic surgery uses a camera and small instruments through portals to inspect and treat a joint when the planned work is a scope-based procedure rather than a named ligament reconstruction, cuff repair or replacement. Saline distends the joint, the camera maps the problem, and instruments treat only the planned lesion. Conversion to open surgery or a named reconstruction should be discussed in consent.
- Fracture Fixation treatment guide
Fracture fixation holds broken bone fragments in a stable position with plates, screws, nails or wires so healing can occur in acceptable alignment when a cast alone is not enough. The surgeon reduces the fragments — closed or open — and applies hardware that matches the bone. ORIF is the named open-reduction product on a neighbouring sheet.
- ORIF (Open Reduction and Internal Fixation) treatment guide
ORIF means the fracture is opened, the fragments are seen and reduced under direct vision, and internal hardware holds that reduction. It is a more specific product than the broader fracture-fixation sheet. An incision exposes the fragments, reduction clamps restore anatomy, and plates or screws are applied. Cartilage fragments may need buried implants.
- Non-Union Repair treatment guide
Non-union repair treats a fracture that has not united in the expected time by improving stability, biology or both — often with revision hardware and bone graft. Old hardware may be removed, the non-union is freshened, graft or substitute is added if planned, and a more stable construct is applied.
- Carpal Tunnel Release treatment guide
Carpal tunnel release divides the ligament over the median nerve at the wrist so that night pain, numbness and weakness from compression may improve. Under local or regional anaesthesia the ligament is divided under direct or endoscopic vision, taking care of the nerve and palmar structures.
- Tendon Repair treatment guide
Tendon repair sutures a lacerated or ruptured tendon so that the muscle can again move the finger, wrist or other joint the tendon serves. The tendon ends are retrieved and sutured with a core-and-epitendinous technique, then the pulley system is protected. Associated nerve or artery injuries should be listed if treated.
- Hand Reconstruction treatment guide
Hand reconstruction restores function after trauma, tendon loss, nerve injury or deformity when a single release or simple suture is not enough. The plan is individual: grafts, transfers, nerve repair or joint procedures are combined only as imaging and examination support. This page cannot specify one sequence.
- Ankle Replacement treatment guide
Ankle replacement resurfaces the worn tibia and talus with a mobile or fixed-bearing implant so that a stiff, painful arthritic ankle can move through a prosthetic joint rather than a fusion. Through an anterior or other planned approach the surgeon cuts the tibia and talus to the implant plan and seats the components, correcting alignment as designed.
- Bunion Surgery treatment guide
Bunion surgery realigns the first metatarsal and great toe when a hallux valgus deformity causes pain, shoe conflict or lesser-toe problems that no longer respond to footwear change. The surgeon cuts and realigns bone, tightens or loosens soft tissue, and fixes the correction with screws or a plate. Dressings and a postoperative shoe protect the osteotomy.
- Achilles Repair treatment guide
Achilles repair sutures a ruptured Achilles tendon so that push-off strength can be restored, when the team judges that an operation rather than functional bracing is appropriate. The tendon ends are approximated and sutured, sometimes through a smaller incision. The ankle is then protected in a splint or boot with a planned movement protocol.