Best Surgical Oncologists in Mumbai, India

Breast-Conserving Surgery (Lumpectomy)

Breast-conserving surgery removes the cancer together with a rim of surrounding normal tissue and leaves the rest of the breast in place. You will hear it called a lumpectomy, a wide local excision, a partial mastectomy or a quadrantectomy depending on how much tissue comes out and on the surgeon's training. The intent is the same: take the tumour with a clear edge, keep the breast. The operation is judged on margins. The widely used standard for invasive cancer is no tumour cells touching the inked edge of the specimen; for ductal carcinoma in situ a slightly wider clearance is generally sought.

Surgical oncologists for Breast-Conserving Surgery (Lumpectomy)Breast-Conserving Surgery (Lumpectomy) treatment in India

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Mastectomy

Mastectomy removes the breast as the oncological operation. Depending on the plan, the surgeon may take the breast tissue with an ellipse of skin and the nipple, keep the skin envelope, or, when oncology and anatomy allow, keep the nipple-areola complex as well. The intent is to clear the disease in the breast; it is not a cosmetic procedure, even when reconstruction is discussed in the same week. The axilla is part of the same sitting more often than patients realise. Where nodes look clinically clear, a sentinel lymph node biopsy is the usual staging step. Where nodal disease is already known, an axillary dissection may be planned.

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Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a procedure used to identify and remove the first lymph nodes to which cancer cells are most likely to spread from a primary tumour. Lymph fluid from a tumour bed drains along predictable paths. The first node or nodes on that path are the sentinel nodes. Mapping finds them; surgery removes them; pathology examines them. The result is staging information. If the sentinel nodes are clear, a full dissection of the remaining basin may not be required. If they contain cancer, the treating team discusses what that means for further surgery, radiation and systemic therapy. The biopsy does not remove the primary tumour and does not, by itself, treat the cancer.

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Gastrectomy

Gastrectomy is surgical removal of part or all of the stomach, the muscular pouch that receives food from the oesophagus and starts digestion. In cancer care it is done to take out the tumour with a margin of stomach and, where indicated, regional lymph nodes, then restore a path from oesophagus to small bowel. Partial or distal gastrectomy leaves a remnant of stomach. Subtotal gastrectomy leaves a smaller remnant. Total gastrectomy removes the entire stomach; the oesophagus is then joined to jejunum. Proximal gastrectomy, when used, removes the upper stomach in selected cases. Reconstruction — gastroduodenostomy, gastrojejunostomy or esophagojejunostomy, often Roux-en-Y after total resection — is why the join, not only the incision, dominates recovery.

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Cytoreductive Surgery

Cytoreductive surgery, often called CRS, is an extensive operation intended to remove visible tumour deposits from the peritoneal cavity in appropriately selected patients. Completeness of cytoreduction — how little visible disease is left — matters more than the length of the incision. It is not appropriate for every patient with peritoneal cancer. Selection depends on cancer type, distribution, whether a meaningful clearance looks possible, overall health and a multidisciplinary review. GAF Healthcare does not decide eligibility on this page.

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Neck Dissection

Neck nodes are described in levels from level one under the chin and jaw to level five at the back of the neck. Running through them are the nerve that lifts the shoulder, the nerve to the lower lip, the large neck vein, the nerve to the tongue and, on the left, the thoracic duct. A selective dissection removes only the levels at risk for that primary site; a modified radical dissection removes levels one to five while preserving the shoulder nerve, vein or muscle; a radical dissection removes those structures when tumour involves them.

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Oral Cancer Surgery

The oral cavity includes the tongue, floor of the mouth, inner cheek, hard palate and the gum and jawbone. Tumours are assessed for depth of invasion, closeness to the jawbone, and whether they approach the nerves supplying the tongue, lip and chin. A small tumour may be excised through the mouth and closed directly, while a deeper tumour may need a composite resection with part of the jaw removed and a free tissue flap to rebuild what is taken. How much tissue must go for a clear margin drives the plan.

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Lung Cancer Surgery

The right lung has three lobes and the left has two, each with its own bronchus, artery and veins. An anatomical resection divides those structures at their origin and removes the lobe or segment as a unit, while the mediastinal node stations beside the airway are sampled for staging. Segmentectomy preserves function for a small peripheral tumour, lobectomy remains the standard anatomical resection, sleeve resection can avoid removing a whole lung when the airway is involved, and pneumonectomy is kept for tumours that cannot otherwise be cleared.

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Radical Prostatectomy

The prostate sits below the bladder and in front of the rectum, wrapping the urethra. The nerves involved in erections run along its sides, and the sphincter that supports continence sits at its apex, so how those structures are handled is part of the operation. A nerve-sparing operation aims to keep the neurovascular bundles when the tumour does not reach them, while a wider resection is used when extra-prostatic extension is likely. Pelvic nodes are added only where risk tables or imaging support it.

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Partial Nephrectomy

Each kidney sits behind the abdominal cavity with an artery, vein and collecting system entering at the hilum. Tumours are judged by size, depth, nearness to the collecting system and vessels, and whether a second kidney is present and working. A small polar tumour may be excised with little ischaemia, while a central or endophytic mass may need longer vessel clamping, collecting-system repair and a higher chance of converting to radical nephrectomy. How much kidney can be saved without leaving tumour behind drives the plan.

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Radical Cystectomy

The bladder sits in the pelvis behind the pubic bone. In men the prostate is usually removed with it; in women the uterus, ovaries and part of the vagina may be included depending on disease and prior discussion. A segment of small bowel is commonly used to divert urine. An ileal conduit brings urine to a stoma on the abdominal wall, while a continent diversion or neobladder aims to restore urethral voiding in selected patients. Pelvic nodes are removed as a staging and treatment step, not as an optional extra.

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