- External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatment guide
External beam radiotherapy delivers radiation from a machine outside the body — usually a linear accelerator — so that a tumour or an area at risk can be treated without placing a source inside the patient. After simulation and planning, the patient lies in an immobilisation device while the machine delivers the day's fraction. Each session is usually brief; the calendar, not the beam-on time, drives travel.
- 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment guide
3D conformal radiotherapy is a form of external-beam treatment that shapes radiation beams to the three-dimensional outline of a target using CT-based planning. After CT-based contouring, shaped beams are delivered on a linear accelerator. Sessions are usually outpatient and brief; the fraction calendar still drives lodging.
- Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment guide
IMRT is an external-beam technique that varies the intensity of many small beamlets so that a high dose can wrap a target while lowering dose to nearby organs. After inverse planning and physics QA, each fraction is delivered with the patient immobilised. Beam-on time is longer than a simple 3D plan; the calendar is still measured in weeks for most curative courses.
- Image-Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) treatment guide
IGRT uses imaging immediately before or during a radiation fraction so that the day's setup can be checked against the plan before the beam is delivered. The patient is immobilised, an image is taken, shifts are applied if needed, then the planned beam is delivered. Imaging time is part of the appointment, not an optional extra in the bunker.
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) treatment guide
Stereotactic radiosurgery delivers a high, tightly focused radiation dose to a small intracranial or selected skull-base target in one or a few sessions, using rigid immobilisation and precise imaging. After specialised planning and a mask or frame, the dose is delivered in a longer single sitting or a short series. Most patients go home the same day.
- Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment guide
SBRT delivers a high radiation dose to a small target outside the brain in one to five sessions, using tight margins, motion management and image guidance. After specialised planning, each session is longer than a conventional fraction. Most patients remain outpatients.
- CyberKnife treatment guide
CyberKnife is a robotic radiosurgery platform used to deliver stereotactic radiation to selected brain or body targets, often with image tracking during the session. After specialised planning, a robotic arm delivers many small beams while imaging tracks the target. Sessions can be long. Most patients go home the same day.
- Gamma Knife treatment guide
Gamma Knife is a dedicated intracranial radiosurgery platform that focuses many beams on a small brain target, usually in a single session, using a stereotactic frame or mask. After specialised planning, the patient is treated in a helmet-like or mask setup. Most people go home the same day.
- Proton Beam Therapy treatment guide
Proton beam therapy is a form of external-beam radiation that uses protons, which deposit most of their dose at a defined depth (the Bragg peak) and then stop, reducing exit dose beyond the target. After specialised planning, daily fractions are delivered over weeks in most curative courses. Immobilisation and image guidance still apply.
- Brachytherapy treatment guide
Brachytherapy places a radioactive source inside or next to the target so that a high dose can be given over a short distance, with a rapid fall-off away from the source. After applicator placement — sometimes under anaesthesia — a planned source dwell delivers the dose. HDR courses may use several insertions; LDR is a different dwell pattern.
- Intracavitary Brachytherapy treatment guide
Intracavitary brachytherapy places a sealed source inside a natural body cavity — often the uterus, vagina or cervix — so dose is concentrated at the cavity wall and nearby target rather than delivered from a linac. After applicator insertion — often under anaesthesia — imaging confirms geometry, dwell times are calculated, and the source treats the cavity. HDR programmes usually use several insertions; LDR uses a longer dwell.
- Interstitial Brachytherapy treatment guide
Interstitial brachytherapy places needles or catheters directly into tissue so a sealed source can dwell inside or around a tumour bed that a cavity applicator cannot cover well. Needles or catheters are placed, usually under anaesthesia. Imaging verifies geometry, dwell times are calculated, and the implant is removed after the prescribed dwell.
- Plaque Brachytherapy treatment guide
Plaque brachytherapy is an ocular radiation method: a sealed-source plaque is sutured to the eye wall beside an intraocular tumour, left for a calculated dwell of several days, then surgically removed. Two theatre events bookend a multi-day dwell. Placement and removal are usually under anaesthesia. The source stays on the eye during the inpatient or closely supervised interval.
- Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) treatment guide
Intraoperative radiotherapy delivers a single radiation dose in the operating room to an exposed tumour bed after the surgeon has removed the mass and while nearby organs can be moved or shielded. After resection, the radiation oncologist and physicist set an applicator or IORT unit on the tumour bed, deliver a single fraction under the same anaesthetic, then surgery finishes in the usual way.
- Total Body Irradiation (TBI) treatment guide
Total body irradiation is radiation given to the whole body, almost always as part of a haematopoietic stem-cell transplant conditioning protocol rather than as elective solid-tumour treatment. Simulation includes whole-body geometry and lung shielding if used. Fractions follow the protocol — often more than once a day over several days — while the patient lives on a transplant ward.