- Rhinoplasty treatment guide
Rhinoplasty reshapes selected bone, cartilage or soft tissue of the nose; a combined functional plan may also address airflow. Through open or closed access, the surgeon may alter the nasal bones, septal or tip cartilage, support grafts and soft tissue while preserving or improving structural support.
- Cochlear Implantation treatment guide
Cochlear implantation places an internal receiver-stimulator and an electrode array in the cochlea so a sound processor can stimulate the hearing nerve in selected severe-to-profound hearing loss. Through a post-auricular incision the receiver is seated, a mastoid and facial-recess approach reaches the round window or cochleostomy, and the electrode is inserted and tested.
- FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery) treatment guide
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery uses a camera and instruments through the nose to open selected blocked sinus pathways and treat chronic sinus or polyp disease while avoiding external facial incisions. Through the nostrils, the surgeon identifies landmarks, opens the planned sinus ostia, removes selected polyps or bone obstructing drainage and preserves as much healthy mucosa as anatomy allows.
- Septoplasty treatment guide
Septoplasty is a surgical procedure used to straighten a deviated nasal septum and improve nasal airflow when structural blockage causes symptoms. Under anaesthesia, the surgeon works through the nostrils to lift mucosa, remove or reposition selected septal cartilage or bone, and close the lining. Packing or splints may be used.
- Tonsillectomy treatment guide
Tonsillectomy removes the palatine tonsils, commonly considered for recurrent tonsillitis, significant tonsil-related obstruction or other selected indications after specialist review. Under general anaesthesia the tonsils are dissected from the tonsillar fossae using the surgeon's chosen technique, with careful haemostasis before extubation.
- Mastoidectomy treatment guide
Mastoidectomy removes diseased air cells from the mastoid bone behind the ear, most often for cholesteatoma or chronic mastoid infection, and may be combined with tympanoplasty. Through a post-auricular incision, the surgeon drills mastoid air cells, identifies the facial-nerve course, clears disease and decides how much canal wall to preserve, often with facial-nerve monitoring.
- Adenoidectomy treatment guide
Adenoidectomy removes enlarged or chronically infected adenoid tissue from the nasopharynx to improve nasal breathing or reduce selected ear or sinus problems. Under general anaesthesia, adenoid tissue is removed through the mouth under mirror or endoscopic view, with haemostasis of the nasopharyngeal bed.
- Sleep Apnea Surgery treatment guide
Sleep apnea surgery is a group of airway operations used in selected obstructive sleep apnea when anatomy and a failed or declined CPAP discussion support a surgical plan. The surgeon addresses the named collapse sites — palate, tonsils, tongue base or nose — using the planned technique. Multilevel work is common and must be itemized.
- Stapedectomy / Stapedotomy treatment guide
Stapedotomy or stapedectomy reconstructs a fixed stapes — most often from otosclerosis — by creating a small opening or removing part of the stapes and placing a prosthesis to restore sound transmission. Through the ear canal, the surgeon confirms stapes fixation, creates a small fenestra or removes the stapes superstructure, places a piston prosthesis and seals the oval window.
- Thyroid Surgery treatment guide
Thyroid surgery removes part or all of the thyroid gland for selected nodules, goitre or cancer when an ENT or head-and-neck team holds the list. Oncologic thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer may also sit on a surgical-oncology sheet. Through a neck incision the surgeon identifies the recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroids, removes the planned lobe or whole gland, and checks haemostasis. A drain may be used.
- Vocal Cord Surgery treatment guide
Vocal cord surgery treats selected lesions or positions of the vocal folds — such as polyps, cysts or selected paralysis procedures — to support voice or airway after specialist voice assessment. Most lesions are approached through the mouth with a laryngoscope; the lesion is removed or injected with microsurgical instruments while protecting the layered vocal-fold structure.